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Lorenzo St. John The Vampire Diaries Wiki. In I Know What You Did Last Summer, Enzo chases Megan King through the Whitmore house, attacks her and throws her out of a second story window. Due to the circumstances of her death, it is labeled as a suicide to cover up the vampire's attack. In Handle with Care, Dr. Wes Maxfield, under compulsion, reveals to Caroline that the Augustine society has a vampire and that the murder of Megan was covered up because it involved Enzo. Enzo is seen still alive. In The Cell, Enzo is revealed to be alive and makes his first present day appearance.

Elena wakes up, strapped to a table in a lab as she hears some humming from nearby. She turns her head and Enzo "welcomes" her, introducing himself. She looks to him, shocked after hearing Damon's story of his death as he continues to quietly sing a song.

In Fifty Shades of Grayson, Enzo reveals that he survived due to one of the scientists helping him but only to further torment him. It ultimately clarifies that when Megan went into the Whitmore House, she had apparently found Enzo only for the starved vampire to chase, feed and ultimately throw her out of the building.

Lorenzo "Enzo" St. John was a main character, minor antagonist, and anti-hero in The Vampire.

Wes Maxfield uses him to distract Damon and Stefan, and grants him leverage over him by injecting a poison that will cause Enzo to dessiccate. Enzo appears before Damon, Stefan and Aaron. When telling his "tragic tale" to Stefan and Aaron, he gets ultimately annoyed by Damon's interruptions. Enzo angrily attacks Damon, taunting him on how easy it was to abandon him and "live a merry life." As he begins to fight Damon, his body begins to give into the poison but Damon ultimately saved him by injecting a random amount of syringes labeled "antidote" in Wes' lab. Damon reveals to Enzo what he did and why but Enzo rebuffs his pleas of forgiveness, instead refers to him as a monster that cannot redeem himself.

Lorenzo. In The Devil Inside, when Aaron goes into his room, Enzo is there. Damon returns home to find Enzo lounging on the Salvatore couch and drinking up his best bourbon. Damon groans and notices a body bag on the floor and some leftover blood smeared on Enzo’s face. You missed a spot,” he says, before asking what’s in the bag. Enzo did some research and discovered that Damon did indeed kill off all the Whitmores (except for one in each generation so that they could keep reproducing) like he promised back then. Enzo apologizes and offers Damon Aaron.

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Enzo thinks they can stay friends and wants them to have a fresh start. Damon refuses to kill Aaron and Enzo gets his neck snapped by Damon. The episode ends with Aaron driving alone at night and stopping for a stranger in the middle of the road. That stranger turns out to be Enzo and he says they've been waiting for him. Aaron spins around and finds Damon leaning against his car. Aaron points out that Elena won’t like it if Damon kills him but Damon doesn't care because they broke up. Elena was too good for you,” Aaron spits out in anger after Damon goes into detail about how he relished the sound the Whitmores made as Damon tore them to shreds.

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Aaron reminds Damon he killed his whole family and Damon says they deserved it. He bares his teeth and attacks Aaron, killing him. Enzo says – "That's the Damon Salvatore I remember". Then they both look down at Aaron's body. Stefan asking Enzo to leave. In Total Eclipse of the Heart, Enzo and Damon are trying to find Wes and kill him.

Stefan asks him to leave his brother alone, because he is worried that Enzo is a bad influence for Damon. They captured one of the Augustine workers, Dianne, and compelled her to tell them everything she knows about Maxfield's whereabouts. When she tells them she doesn't know, Enzo kills her.

When Damon kidnaps Jeremy, Enzo stays with him while Damon is forcing Bonnie into helping them. When it is taking too long, Enzo calls Damon and then begins "motivating" them by hurting him as long as Jeremy is almost dead. When Stefan and Katherine save Jeremy, Enzo leaves with Damon to kill Wes but they walk straight into a trap. They are ambushed by Travelers and when the attack is over Damon and Enzo then hear a noise, which they go to inspect and when Enzo goes and checks one room, Damon checks the other where he finds Joey.

Damon then feels his body elevate at the smell and sight of Joey's blood which causes Damon to savagely feed on Joey to the point where he rips his head clean off. Damon then turns to a shocked Enzo, realizing that Damon now feeds on vampire's. They both know this is going to be a major problem for their plan for revenge.

Enzo not wanting to leave Damon. In No Exit, Damon and Enzo's friendship is tested as Damon tries to resist feeding on Enzo as Damon is now an Augustine Vampire and they're trapped in a house by the Travelers and Wes. Enzo concludes that after turning and feeding the farmer, Damon will have to feed again within the next 8 hours.

To ensure that he won't feed on him, Enzo chains him up but Wes shoots him in the neck to further test Damon's limits. Damon then broke free of his chains and proceeded to feed on Enzo. Enzo repeatedly pleads for Damon to stop to no avail until the Travelers raise the acidity of his blood. Wes and the Travelers then allow Enzo to leave but Enzo refuses to abandon Damon until Damon urges him to leave him behind. Enzo then leaves with a saddened look on his face. Enzo meets Caroline In While You Were Sleeping, Caroline is searching for a cure for the Ripper Virus when she comes across Wes's recording about using the werewolf venom from Nadia's bite.

She is surprised by Enzo who appears in the laboratory. He says to her that he is there for the same reason that she is. He wants the vampire- feeding virus out of their lives. Caroline teases him saying he just wants to get to Damon because killing innocent people is not as much fun when he is alone. Enzo tells her that Damon mentioned that she gets a little judgy and that he also said that she had a thing for accents. Caroline gets upset and tries to leave the lab but Enzo stops her telling her that he has the antidote.

Then she calls Stefan and Enzo is listening to the conversation. She tells him that he has to meet with her, after insisting, Stefan accepts. Enzo calls the travelers Stefan finally meets with Caroline and they arrive at some abandoned train station. They're talking about Damon and Elena and as Stefan is going to tell her that Damon killed Aaron, Enzo then arrives and interrupts them.

Caroline asks him where is the antidote and Enzo nods and a group of travelers disperse through the stockyard. One particular woman walks right over to Caroline and Stefan, she is Sloan. Stefan ask her if she has the antidote to the ripper virus, and she answer yes thanks to Enzo. Enzo tells them that Wes was experimenting with him and in doing so discovered the antidote. Caroline asks what does that have to do with them, Sloan says that when Wes died, the travelers took it.

And seeing as Elena is valuable to them, they are in the process of using Wes' resources to find a cure for her virus. She also says that they have to find something, Stefan asks what do they need and Sloan say another one of him. Enzo talking with Stefan and Caroline. Enzo tells to Stefan and Caroline that they will find another doppelgänger of Stefan and that he doesn't know the traveler lore. He also says that the last remaining pair of doppelgängers are special. Caroline asks what he means by "special" but Sloan interrupts telling her that it is none of their business.

Enzo anyways replied to her talking about Markos, the leader of the travelers. He says to them that Markos wants the blood from the last remaining pair of doppelgängers, Stefan and Elena.

They need to use Stefan to find his doppelgänger and then kill him. Later, Caroline and Stefan are talking privately and Enzo arrives with Sloan to do the spell. Enzo says that will take care of the antidote for Elena and Damon. One of the travelers comes behind Enzo and hands him the serum.

Inbreeding - Wikipedia"Inbred" redirects here. For the 2. 01. 1 British film, see Inbred (film). Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.[2] By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity. Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits.[3] This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population[4][5] (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing.[6][7] Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness- related traits,[8] but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding depression.

Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. For example, in livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self- pollination. Overview[edit]Offspring of biologically related persons are subject to the possible effects of inbreeding, such as congenital birth defects. The chances of such disorders are increased when the biological parents are more closely related.

This is because such pairings have a 2. Because most recessive alleles are rare in populations, it is unlikely that two unrelated marriage partners will both be carriers of the same deleterious allele; however, because close relatives share a large fraction of their alleles, the probability that any such deleterious allele is inherited from the common ancestor through both parents is increased dramatically.

It should also be noted that for each homozygous recessive individual formed there is an equal chance of producing a homozygous dominant individual — one completely devoid of the harmful allele. Contrary to common belief, inbreeding does not in itself alter allele frequencies, but rather increases the relative proportion of homozygotes to heterozygotes; however, because the increased proportion of deleterious homozygotes exposes the allele to natural selection, in the long run its frequency decreases more rapidly in inbred populations. In the short term, incestuous reproduction is expected to increase the number of spontaneous abortions of zygotes, perinatal deaths, and postnatal offspring with birth defects.[1. The advantages of inbreeding may be the result of a tendency to preserve the structures of alleles interacting at different loci that have been adapted together by a common selective history.[1. Malformations or harmful traits can stay within a population due to a high homozygosity rate, and this will cause a population to become fixed for certain traits, like having too many bones in an area, like the vertebral column of wolves on Isle Royale or having cranial abnormalities, such as in Northern elephant seals, where their cranial bone length in the lower mandibular tooth row has changed. Having a high homozygosity rate is problematic for a population because it will unmask recessive deleterious alleles generated by mutations, reduce heterozygote advantage, and it is detrimental to the survival of small, endangered animal populations.[1.

When deleterious recessive alleles are unmasked due to the increased homozygosity generated by inbreeding, this can cause inbreeding depression.[1. There may also be other deleterious effects besides those caused by recessive diseases. Thus, similar immune systems may be more vulnerable to infectious diseases (see Major histocompatibility complex and sexual selection).[1.

Inbreeding history of the population should also be considered when discussing the variation in the severity of inbreeding depression between and within species. With persistent inbreeding, there is evidence that shows that inbreeding depression becomes less severe. New Swamp People Episodes here. This is associated with the unmasking and elimination of severely deleterious recessive alleles.

However, inbreeding depression is not a temporary phenomenon because this elimination of deleterious recessive alleles will never be complete. Eliminating slightly deleterious mutations through inbreeding under moderate selection is not as effective.

Fixation of alleles most likely occurs through Muller's ratchet, when an asexual population's genome accumulates deleterious mutations that are irreversible.[1. Despite all its disadvantages, inbreeding can also have a variety of advantages, such as reducing the recombination load,[1.

It has been proposed that under circumstances when the advantages of inbreeding outweigh the disadvantages, preferential breeding within small groups could be promoted, potentially leading to speciation.[1. Genetic disorders[edit]. Animation of uniparental isodisomy. Autosomal recessive disorders occur in individuals who have two copies of an allele for a particular recessive genetic mutation.[1.

Except in certain rare circumstances, such as new mutations or uniparental disomy, both parents of an individual with such a disorder will be carriers of the gene. These carriers do not display any signs of the mutation and may be unaware that they carry the mutated gene. Since relatives share a higher proportion of their genes than do unrelated people, it is more likely that related parents will both be carriers of the same recessive allele, and therefore their children are at a higher risk of inheriting an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The extent to which the risk increases depends on the degree of genetic relationship between the parents; the risk is greater when the parents are close relatives and lower for relationships between more distant relatives, such as second cousins, though still greater than for the general population.[1. Children of parent- child or sibling- sibling unions are at an increased risk compared to cousin- cousin unions.[2.

Inbreeding may result in a greater than expected phenotypic expression of deleterious recessive alleles within a population.[2. As a result, first- generation inbred individuals are more likely to show physical and health defects,[2.

The isolation of a small population for a period of time can lead to inbreeding within that population, resulting in increased genetic relatedness between breeding individuals. Inbreeding depression can also occur in a large population if individuals tend to mate with their relatives, instead of mating randomly. Many individuals in the first generation of inbreeding will never live to reproduce.[2. Over time, with isolation, such as a population bottleneck caused by purposeful (assortative) breeding or natural environmental factors, the deleterious inherited traits are culled.[6][7][2. Island species are often very inbred, as their isolation from the larger group on a mainland allows natural selection to work on their population. This type of isolation may result in the formation of race or even speciation, as the inbreeding first removes many deleterious genes, and permits the expression of genes that allow a population to adapt to an ecosystem.